The American Indian Movement comes to Northern Lights

by Britta Arendt, Herald-Review
Wednesday, June 14th, 2006

“You’re only here on Earth for a short period of time, maybe 100 years, but when you’re dead you’re gone forever. What the Creator gave you, you have an obligation for future destiny; to bring others into the world—think about it.”

This was a special message Leech Lake Ojibwe leader Dennis Banks gave to students at Northern Lights Community School during a warm spring day in early June. Seated in a circle in the grass behind their school under a bright mid-day sun, a small group of students studying Ojibwe this year attentively listened to the illustrious activist’s life story and the lessons learned from it.

One of the most influential persons in recent American Indian history and, at one time, one of America’s Most Wanted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Banks has made it his mission in life to protect the rights of his people. In 1968, he co-founded the American Indian Movement (AIM) and since then he has participated in some of the most infamous protests of the 20th century.

Born near Federal Dam on the Leech Lake Reservation, Banks was raised by his grandfather. When he was 4-years-old, the government removed Banks and his brother from their home and sent them to a military boarding school 300 miles away. For seven years, Banks said, he was not allowed to see his family.

“Back then, the government had a policy to separate parents and children to deculturize them,” explained Banks, now nearly 70 years old. “It happened to thousands of kids.”

Although some close friendships were formed among the children at the military schools, Banks said they were never allowed to speak their native languages and punished for speaking in anything but English. He
said the Native children also were required to attend Catholic or Lutheran religious services.

“They tried to make Christians out of us—all this, to take the Indian out of us.”

Banks explained how he tried to escape from military school several times only to be caught and sent back. Because he did not know where he lived or how to get home, he said, most times, he would get hungry and
confused and hoped he would be found.

“I knew I needed to head north; no one ever told me but I knew my home was north.”

After school, Banks spent eight years in the United States Air Force and served in Tokyo for three years. During the French occupation of Vietnam, Banks remembered understanding why the Vietnamese people were
so determined.

“After 12 years, the French couldn’t win against the Vietnamese mainly because the Vietnamese were on their own land,” Banks told the students. “It’s hard to beat native people who fight on their own land because you’re coming to take their land.”

As anti-war demonstrations became common throughout the U.S. in the 1960s, Banks said discrimination toward American Indians became prevalent as well. Police brutality against American Indians coupled
with high unemployment and insufficient housing among the American Indian population became driving forces for founding AIM. Established to protect the traditional ways of American Indian people and to engage in
legal cases protecting treaty rights of American Indians, AIM became successful in bringing American Indian issues to the public.

“Because of the discriminatory policies in this country, that had roots hundreds of years ago, eventually something had to happen,” continued Banks. “If the community school here wants to make Tuesday a holiday,
why would someone in Grand Forks care? Why could you be trampled on because of what you believe in? AIM was formed to bring about change. We didn’t realize how far they would go to try and stop us; put us in jail.”

In the early years of AIM, Banks participated in the occupation of Alcatraz Island demanding that all federal surplus land be returned to American Indian control. In 1972, Banks helped organize the “Trail of Broken Treaties,” walking 3,600 miles from California to Washington D.C., gathering attention and support in a petition to the Bureau of Indian Affairs to defeat bills that threatened to abolish certain treaties between the government and the American Indian people.

“The walk took five and a half months,” Banks remembered. “We started with 200 people and ended with 14,000; it was a big moment for us.”

Under Banks’ leadership, AIM also spearheaded a protest on Pine Ridge Indian Reservation against government corruption which led to the 71-day occupation of Wounded Knee which attracted national attention. Banks is said to have been the principle negotiator and leader of the Wounded Knee forces.

“We set up road blocks and allowed no one to enter without permission,” Banks explained. “The government said we took over Wounded Knee but we didn’t, it was our land. Then they started shooting at us. They built
bunkers and we built bunkers.”

According to Banks, U.S. soldiers surrounded Wounded Knee with machine guns, armored personnel carriers and snipers. Thousands of rounds of ammunition was fired from both sides throughout the entire 71 days,
resulting in the deaths on both sides, until the government agreed to look into AIM’s claims of corruption.

Arrested for felony to commit murder, Banks faced 250 years in jail plus a life sentence. His $250,000 bail was put up by American Indian supporter and actor Marlon Brando and he received amnesty in California by then Governor Jerry Brown who refused to extradite him to South Dakota.

Banks talked about the seven-month trial that resulted in his acquittal. After it was discovered that the prosecution’s primary witness lied about being at Wounded Knee at the time of the occupation and the U.S.
military was charged with wasting millions of rounds of ammunition in the fight, Banks said the judge scolded the FBI for the dangerous way the situation was handled.

While in California, Banks earned an associate’s degree from the University of California and taught at Deganawida Quetzecoatl University where he became the first American Indian chancellor. He worked as a
drug and alcohol counselor on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation and established the first spiritual run as well as the Great Jim Thorpe Longest Run from New York to Los Angeles. Banks has continued his
involvement in AIM and is an active member of his Leech Lake community, including Bug-O-Nay-Ge-Shig School.

Banks encouraged the NLCS students to learn more about the Ojibwe culture and ceremonies, “Here we have Fond du Luth and Leech Lake reservations and why you haven’t been in a sweat lodge, I don’t know—I’ve been in a few churches.”

PeaceJam 2006: Students get a global perspective

By Marie Nitke, Herald-Review Staff Writer



On September 14, seven students from the Northern Lights Community School (NLCS) in Warba, MN left the Northwoods to embark on a once-in-a-lifetime, life-changing journey. Their excitement overcame their sleepiness as they loaded onton a bus in the early morning and headed out to Denver, Col., to participate in National PeaceJam 2006.


The experience, the students later said during a group interview on Tuesday September 26th, not only helped them move forward towards completion of a project-based learning opportunity for school, it also moved them forward as free-thinking individuals. Attending PeaceJam, they said, broadened their mindsets on the world around them to include a more global perspective, and taught them ways to make positive changes in their communities.


-What it is-


PeaceJam is a neutral party program dedicated to civic engagement, human rights, character education, violence prevention, reclaiming communities and service learning. One of the main goals of PeaceJam organizers is to inspire a new generation of youth peacemakers who will change themselves as well as their neighborhoods, their communities, and the world. Since 1996, PeaceJam has been putting youth together with Nobel Peace Prize winners to form a new generation of youth dedicated to making positive changes.


On September 15, the United States made history in Denver, Col., when the PeaceJam Foundation celebrated its tenth anniversary. During the three-day event, ten Nobel Peace Prize winners gathered in the same place, for the same cause, at the same time. The celebration brought youth from 31 different countries, including South Africa, Costa Rica, Ireland, England, and the United States. Minnesota had the most representation.


There were 3,000 youth from high schools, community-based organizations and churches who participated. A total of more than 8,000 people, youth and adults, attended the celebration.


This year’s PeaceJam featured discussions by 10 Nobel Laureates (The Dalai Lama, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Rigberta Menchu Tum, President Oscar Arias, Mairead Corrigan Maguire, Jody Williams, Shirin Ebadi, Jose Ramos Horta, Adolfo Perez Esquivel, and Betty Williams) on ideas about how to create positive changes in the world. The following Laureates were unable to attend, but still managed to participate in the project via an available book and video: Wangari maathai, due to issues with parliament, and Aung San Suu Kyi, who is under house arrest.


Youth were able to participate in large group discussions with the Laureates, and present their own ideas for global change.


-What the trip was like-


NLCS student Ana Noblee said that their trip began with a drive down to Minneapolis on Sept. 14, where they met up with Washburn High School students. They shared a bus with these students the rest of the way to Denver.


“We drove for about 16 or 17 hours,” she said, “and gto in at about 2 p.m. on the 15th. Five live bands performed for a kick-off concert.”


The next day, according to Noble, the students arrived at a giant arena at 7 a.m. The Dalai Lama spoke to them about violence, after which participants broke up into “family groups.” These groups, made up of anywhere from two to more than a dozen people, were intentionally set up to be diverse. Most of the groups had members representing all different parts of the United States and the world.


“I liked meeting other people of color,” said Emily Norton, who explained that, as one of the few youths of color in this area, it was nice to see so many other people who looked more like herself.


Following lunch, a public talk was given, which included discussions by all of the Laureates. They spoke on a wide variety of topics, called “global themes.”


NLCS teacher and one of the trip chaperones, Benita Hassell, said that the “global themes” focused on child trafficking, the rights of children, violence, and money spent on war versus money spent on schools. She said the environment for discussion was one of compassion and working together.


Following the discussions, each student had a chance to write a letter the United nations voicing their personal concerns. They also were given books with printed versions of the Laureate’s speeches, and had time to reflect on what they had learned. A DJ provided dance music for them later that night.


On the last day, Sept. 17, the students presented their own group project to Shirin Ebadi, a Laureate from Iran whose mission is to ensure the human rights of women and children.


-What they presented-


As a group, the students chose to focus on the issue of discrimination as the topic of their project. Their goal is to create awareness of discrimination locally by disseminating information. They also hope to make a positive difference in the communkty by starting a chain reaction towards preventing discrimination.


To do this, the students are each making their own eye-catching displays about discrimination, which will be set up with informational packets, worksheets or brochures at area businesses and organizations for community members to read and take home. They also intend to visit area schools to discuss discrimination with other students.


-What they learned-


Every student expressed sincere, emotional ideas regarding how their group project and trip to PeaceJam have changed their lives and their ways of thinking about society.


“I think the way we react and the way we react to other things has changed a lot. I think we’ve changed,” said Danielle Radke.


“I thought what the Peace Prize winners had to say was really encouraging,” said Kyle Sansburn. This was my first year going. I thought ti was a good experience – it was fun.”


Most of the kids in the group went to the Minnesota PeaceJam last year, and were eager for this year’s trip.


“It’s inspiring to spread peace into the world,” said Kayla Finke.


“To know that we’re not the only kids in the world trying to make things happen – it’s an awesome feeling,” added Radke. “It showed me that there are other people out there who care about the same things that we do.”


The group said they learned that change can happen one small group at a time, and they discovered that gestures sometimes thought of as being of little importance, such as opening a door for someone, can make a huge difference in the world.


“Now we’re going to try to open as many doors a we can,” said Sansburn.



Editor’s note: the “What it is” section of this article was written for the newspaper by NLCS student Nate Hassell.



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